Puts forward special engineering design requirements for mountain tourism trains, which are mainly reflected in the integration of train system, train target speed, train gauge, distance, wheelbase, acceleration and deceleration performance determination, as well as the optimization design of train section and passenger capacity, which can provide reference for similar designs.
mountain tourism rail transit; train gauge; train section
1 Special needs of mountain tourism rail transit
Compared with trunk railway transportation, urban rail transit and scenic tourism transportation, mountain tourism rail transit has differences in system function positioning, route characteristics, environmental characteristics, passenger flow characteristics and economic driving demand. These special needs, it is the current mountain tourism rail transit train design needs to focus on and meet.
1.1 "tourism + transportation + poverty alleviation" function positioning demand
In order to promote the integrated development of national and local transportation and tourism, "tourism + transportation + poverty alleviation" has become an important functional positioning demand of mountain tourism and transportation, which can be decomposed into the basic positioning demand of accurate poverty alleviation demonstration, engineering technology innovation, global tourism and sightseeing, and ecological environment-friendly.
1.2 mountain route characteristic requirements
mountain tourism traffic route runs through the high mountain valley section, the high mountain section, the mountain town section, the route is long, the curve is many, the radius is small, the slope is steep, the continuous slope is long, especially needs to meet.20%,30%, 50%the special needs of extremely large ramps.
1.3 environmental characteristics requirements
route passes through major scenic spots and nature reserves, with many species of rare animals and plants, and the requirements for natural environmental protection are extremely high; mountain tourism traffic is mainly to visit the natural scenery along the line, and the demand for sightseeing is obvious. The elevation of the line is increased from about 1000m to 4000~5000m, and the elevation is large, which puts forward higher requirements for the insulation safety of the electrical equipment of rail transit vehicles, and puts forward new requirements for the installation of oxygen supply facilities in the vehicle.
1.4 passenger flow and traffic organization requirements
mountain tourism traffic flow is mainly tourist flow and residents along the line, mainly tourist flow; passenger flow is closely related to the seasonal characteristics of tourism resources along the line, the difference of tourist flow is obvious in the low and peak seasons, but the peak passenger flow is still not more3000 person-times/h, belonging to small traffic volume; The organization mode of passenger flow is related to the slow travel characteristics, light and peak seasons, peak and peak characteristics of scenic spots and the time demand of passenger flow. The operation mode determined by mixed running of large and small roads, seat passengers and departure time (5~10min) is suitable for the demand of mountain tourism transportation routes. The special needs of mountain tourism rail transit trains determine the particularity of the design of mountain tourism rail transit trains.
2 The particularity of train speed design brought about by the special function positioning of mountain tourism.
tourism traffic usually has two kinds of demand: fast travel and slow travel. The fast travel mode includes the trunk high-speed rail mode and the intercity fast rail mode, but they are all separated from the slow travel mode such as the tour small train, and do not communicate with each other. Because of its rich mountain tourism resources, beautiful natural landscape, and the creation of global tourism, mountain tourism traffic is more inclined to slow travel mode; at the same time, in order to attract and drive the input of urban passenger flow, mountain tourism traffic needs to open up the channel with the city, in order to make passengers feel the natural scenery as soon as possible, it is urgent to apply the express mode. Therefore, the mountain tourism rail transit can choose the tour mode according to the characteristics of the line section. The particularity of the target speed of the mountain tourism rail transit train lies in the comprehensive consideration of the target speed of the fast travel mode and the slow travel mode, and the reasonable match between the power configuration of the fast travel mode and the power configuration of the slow travel mode is a special consideration for the vehicle power design. At the same time, the train target speed is related to the train standard. The systems used for tourism rail transportation mainly include conventional steel wheel rail system, rubber wheel monorail system and toothed rail train system, and the maximum operating speed of the operating line is as follows6-10km/h, 6 ~15km/h,8-15km/h, as shown in Table 1. The conventional steel wheel rail system has high train running speed due to its low loss and high traction capacity configuration, while the rubber wheel monorail system is limited by high friction energy consumption and traction system installation size, and the train running speed does not exceed 8 km/h; For the gear rail system that meets the travel needs of large ramps, the maximum operating speed is limited by the speed limit of the gear rail meshing device, and the maximum operating speed does not exceed15km/h. The target speed of steel wheel rail transit system trains is related to the train gauge; the maximum operating speed of meter-gauge trains often used in tourist traffic is only6-10km/h, it is difficult to achieve higher speed increase. It can be seen that the particularity of the target speed selection of mountain tourism rail transit trains needs to be considered in combination with line function positioning, standard characteristics and gauge characteristics. For mountain track trains that can adapt to the adhesive operation of ordinary ramps and the travel needs of large ramps, the design of the target speed of the train can be designed according to the adhesive function and the track function respectively, but the capacity configuration of the traction system needs to be coordinated and reasonably allocated, which is also the particularity of the design of the traction system configuration of mountain track trains. Mountain tourism transportation also undertakes the function of poverty alleviation. Rail trains are mainly reflected in the export transportation of local characteristic vegetables and fruits, medicinal materials in high-altitude areas and other agricultural and sideline products. Therefore, the configuration of the whole line of models or vehicle modification design, but also need to consider the needs of cargo transportation.
3 The particularity of train line adaptability brought about by mountain line characteristics
mountain tourism traffic is the line ramp and the line curve radius. The topography of the mountain environment is relatively steep and steep, and it is difficult to avoid the design of continuous ≥ 5km long ramps, combinations of multiple ramps and extremely large ramps. Higher design requirements are put forward for the traction system, braking system and climbing ability of mountain rail transit trains. The ramp of mountain tourism traffic usually has multi-ramp combination characteristics of low ramp (<20 ‰), large ramp (about 40 ‰ or about 70 ‰) and very large ramp, and the adaptability of trains to the ramp shall be comprehensively considered. At present, the commonly used travel rail transit system adapts to a wide range of ramps, the tooth rail system has the strongest adaptability, and can adapt to the line characteristics of the extremely large ramps in mountainous areas, but for ordinary50%the following ramps, this system shows speed disadvantage and ramp advantage is not prominent. In order to take into account the operation of multi-ramp combination terrain, the integration of system characteristics can be considered. For example, in order to adapt to fast travel and slow travel, the application of wheel rail system adhesion can be used on ordinary low ramps, and the application of force-added mechanism (tooth rail, etc.) can be opened on extremely large ramps. Therefore, the characteristics of multi-ramp combination and long ramp in mountain tourism transportation determine the innovative design requirements for the realization of ramp capacity and the continuous operation capacity of the ramp, and are also the design that requires special consideration in the engineering design of mountain transportation trains. For the mountain tourism transportation system that needs to be configured for both adhesive operation and tooth rail operation, the performance coordination of the traction system, braking system and climbing force mechanism of the mountain (tooth rail) transportation train is the key. The maximum target speed of the adhesive section, the ramp capacity of the adhesive section and the ramp capacity of the tooth rail section are the keys to the close cooperation of the three systems. How to realize the reasonable division of the train bogie, the reasonable distribution of the traction system and the reasonable coordination of the braking system are all the special features of the engineering design of the mountain traffic train. The curve radius of the open line section of the mountain tourism traffic line is small, and the minimum curve radius is about.6~ 15m, the current rail transit system can basically meet, but it needs to be adjusted through the wheelbase design of the bogie and the distance design of the train to adapt to the normal operation of the small radius curve.
4 The particularity of the environmental adaptability of trains brought about by the environmental characteristics of mountain lines.
mountain tourism traffic passes through low altitude and high altitude areas with extremely high natural environmental protection requirements, and puts forward new environmental protection and energy saving requirements for train traction types, power receiving forms, and occupied space. In order to protect the environment during train operation, the traction type can only use clean energy electric energy, which can be supplied through pantograph-contact network, electric shoe-contact rail or self-contained power energy storage device. The elevated contact line and the low contact rail are the external power supply methods commonly used by rail transit vehicles, and the environmental adaptability has its advantages and disadvantages, which can be selected as appropriate. However, in high altitude areas, the insulation safety of the electrical equipment of rail transit vehicles needs special consideration, and the safety gap of the project is fully guaranteed. The occupied space of the train is mainly reflected in the train gauge and train section; the smaller the gauge, the narrower the track width; the smaller the train section (width, height), the smaller the vehicle clearance section, the smaller the double-line spacing, the smaller the required safety clearance. However, these two indicators are directly related to the target speed of the train and the passenger capacity of the train. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of high environmental protection, the gauge and size of the train should be reduced as much as possible, but at the same time, the design should also take into account the target speed and passenger capacity of the train. In terms of high altitude environmental adaptability, mountain tourist trains also need to consider the design of oxygen supply facilities and provide countermeasures for passengers in emergency hypoxia.
5 The particularity of train carrying capacity design brought about by mountain tourism transportation demand
mountain tourism traffic and the large interval of the traffic organization needs, in sharp contrast with urban rail transit, to meet the comfort of riding, the convenience of viewing and other tourism transport needs, is the mountain tourism rail transit vehicle design needs to focus on. The appearance and painting of the train, the layout and function of the seats in the train, and the form and function of the windows all need to fully consider the mountain tourism culture to realize the customization of the train. Train start and stop speed, etc., can meet the requirements of traffic and signal system.
6 Conclusion
the special needs of mountain tourism transportation function positioning, route characteristics, environmental characteristics and transportation organization are the fundamental driving force for the innovation of mountain (gear rail) tourism trains, which puts forward direct special engineering design requirements for train system, train target speed, train gauge, fixed distance, wheelbase, acceleration and deceleration performance, train section, and passenger capacity inside the train. Under the background of the great development of "traffic and travel integration", the market prospect of mountain tourism rail transit is broad. The rail transit system needs to fully combine the market demand, break through the conventional design concept, and carry out personalized design, so as to realize the traffic and travel integration system with better service and better performance.